Sociology here refers to the socialization process from the individual standpoint. Erickson identified how the individual connects with, and maintains connection with society. His stages are titled Virtues, and describe the psychosocial crisis the individual is in.
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Stage 4 | Stage 5 |
| Hope, Faith | Will, Determination | Purpose, Courage | Competence | Fidelity, Loyalty |
| Trust vs. Mistrust | Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt | Initiative vs. Guilt | Industry vs. inferiority | Identity vs. Role Confusion |
| Mother | Parents | Family | Neighborhood / School | Peer groups, role models |
Figure a. (Erikson n.d.) Psycho Social Evolution
Hope
The Psychosocial crisis is Trust vs. Mistrust. In this stage, the infant (birth to 1 – 1 ½ years) builds their connection to others through trust. If their primary care givers provide for their survival needs then they build trust. If primary care is not provided, they view the world as an undependable place.
Will
The psychological crisis is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. In this stage, the toddler (1 ½ years to 3 years) gains control over their eliminative functions and motor skills. If the primary care giver encourages self-sufficient behavior, the child will develop a sense of autonomy. If the primary care givers are too controlling, the child will develop a sense of shame and doubt about their ability to interact with the world.
Purpose
The psychological crisis is Initiative vs. Guilt. In this stage, the preschooler (3 to 6 years) asks the primary question “Am I good or am I bad?” If the primary care givers encourage independent activity the child will develop initiative independent behavior toward planning and undertaking activities. If the primary care givers are not supportive, the child will develop guilt about their needs and desires.
Competence
The psychological crisis is Industry vs. Inferiority. In this stage, the child (6 to 12 years) asks the primary question “How can I be good?” If the primary care givers encourage the child to make and do things, they become industrious, diligent, and complete tasks. If the primary care givers are ridiculed and punished, they develop feelings of inferiority that leads to low self-esteem and lethargy.
Fidelity
The psychological crisis is Identity vs. Role Confusion. In this stage, the Adolescent (12 to 18 years) asks the primary question “Who am I and where am I going?” If the primary care givers encourage the adolescent to freely experiment and explore they create a sense of identity. If the primary care givers confine the adolescent, they will be confused about their role in society.